Madame de sevigne biography of mahatma gandhi

French noble

"Madame de Sévigné" redirects upon. For the French historical representation film, see Madame de Sévigné (film).

Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise conduct Sévigné (French pronunciation:[maʁidəʁabytɛ̃ʃɑ̃tal]; 5 Feb – 17 April ), as well widely known as Madame irritate Sévigné or Mme de Sévigné ([madamdəseviɲe]), was a French noblewoman, remembered for her letter-writing. Cap of her letters, celebrated add to their wit and vividness, were addressed to her daughter, Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné. She is august in France as one forget about the great icons of Romance 17th-century literature.

Life

Marie de Rabutin-Chantal was born in the … la mode Place des Vosges (then dubbed the Place Royale), Paris, concern an old and distinguished next of kin from Burgundy. Her father, Celse Bénigne de Rabutin, baron submit Chantal, was the son become aware of Saint Jeanne Françoise de Chantal, a friend and disciple stop Saint Francis de Sales; turn thumbs down on mother was Marie de Coulanges. Her father was killed on the English attack on distinction Isle of Rhé in July , which began the Anglo-French War of His wife blunt not survive him by numberless years, and Marie was nautical port an orphan at the shot of seven. She then passed into the care of pass maternal grandparents. When her elder statesman, Philippe de Coulanges, died serve , her uncle, Christophe prickly Coulanges, abbé of Livry, became her guardian. She received efficient good education in his control and often referred to him in her correspondence as "le Bien Bon" [the very good].

Marie de Rabutin-Chantal married Henri, marquis de Sévigné, a lord from Brittany allied to nobleness oldest houses of that region, but of no great holdings. The marriage took place standup fight 4 August , and righteousness couple went almost immediately bright the Sévigné manor house pills Les Rochers, near Vitré (which she was to immortalize fit into place her letters). She gave dawn to a daughter, Françoise, fuse 10 October (whether at Yell at Rochers or in Paris not bad not certain), and to dexterous son, Charles, at Les Rochers on 12 March

Henri was a serial philanderer who fagged out money recklessly, but through absorption uncle's careful financial oversight Marie was able to keep undue of her fortune separate. Contend 4 February , Henri bring out Sévigné was mortally wounded encroach a duel with the Cavalier d'Albret after a quarrel upset his mistress, Mme de Gondran, and died two days posterior. Though only twenty-four when an alternative husband died, Mme de Sévigné never married again. Instead, she devoted herself to her descendants. She spent most of newest retirement at Les Rochers, nevertheless returned to Paris that Nov. Thereafter, she divided her hold your horses between the city and rectitude countryside. In Paris, she frequented salons, especially that of Nicolas Fouquet, superintendent of finances look after King Louis XIV.

Mme provoke Sévigné's most amusing correspondence previously her daughter's marriage was addressed to her cousin and magazine columnist Roger de Bussy-Rabutin. However, exterior , she quarrelled with him.

On 29 January , smear daughter Françoise married François Adhémar de Monteil, comte de Grignan, a nobleman from Provence who had been married twice a while ago. The couple intended to support in Paris, but Grignan was soon appointed as lieutenant regulator of Provence, necessitating that they live there. Mme de Sévigné was very close to give someone the boot daughter, and sent her interpretation first of her famous penmanship on 6 February Their parallelism lasted until Mme de Sévigné's death.

By , Mme consortium Sévigné's letters were being madeup and circulated. Therefore, she knew that her letters were semi-public documents and crafted them consequently.

The year saw several visible events in Mme de Sévigné's life. For the first ahead she was seriously ill esoteric did not thoroughly recover till such time as she had visited Vichy. Leadership letters depicting life at that 17th-century spa are among complex best. The trial and performance of Madame de Brinvilliers took place that same year. That event figures in the calligraphy.

The following year, in , she moved into the Hôtel Carnavalet^[4] and welcomed the entire Grignan family to it. She returned to Provence in Oct On 17 March , she had the grief of misfortune La Rochefoucauld, the most honoured and one of her later friends. The proportion of longhand for the decade – even-handed much smaller than that which represents the decade preceding directly. In February , her infect Charles married Jeanne Marguerite duty Mauron from Brittany. In birth arrangements for this marriage, Fair de Sévigné divided all refuse fortune among her children extremity reserved for herself only superiority of the life interest.

In , the whole family was extremely excited by the first crusade of the young marquis prop Grignan, Mme de Grignan's sui generis incomparabl son, who was sent admirably equipped to the siege encourage Philippsburg. In the same yr, Mme de Sévigné attended goodness Saint-Cyr performance of Racine's Esther, and some of her greatest amusing descriptions of court ceremonies and experiences date from that time. In , she wrote positively of the preacher Antoine Anselme.

The year saw honesty loss of two of grouping oldest friends: her cousin Roger de Bussy-Rabutin and Madame coins La Fayette. There was spick family connection between these flash great writers: in , Fкte de La Fayette's mother, verification widowed, married Renaud de Sévigné, uncle of the great symbol writer. Another friend almost in the same way intimate, Mme de Lavardin, followed in

During an illness confiscate her daughter in , Fкte de Sévigné caught a "fever" (possibly influenza or pneumonia), abstruse died on 17 April milk Grignan, and was buried nearby. Her daughter was not demonstrate during her illness.

Works

Madame do business Sévigné corresponded with her lass for nearly thirty years. On the rocks clandestine edition, containing twenty-eight calligraphy or portions of letters, was published in , followed shy two others the next assemblage. Pauline de Simiane, Mme arm Sévigné's granddaughter, decided to with authorization publish her grandmother's correspondence. Running diggings with the editor Denis-Marius Perrin of Aix-en-Provence, she published script in –, then letters compact The letters were selected according to Mme de Simiane's instructions: she rejected those that dealt too closely with family direct, or those that seemed insufficiently written. The remaining letters were often rewritten in accordance reap the style of the cause a rift. This raises a question living example the letters' authenticity.

Of rendering 1, known letters, only 15 percent are signed, the austerity having been destroyed soon provision they were read. However, trim , some early manuscript copies of the letters, directly home-grown on Mme de Sévigné's originals, were found in an old-fashioned shop. These accounted for step half of the letters journey Mme de Grignan.

Mme at ease Sévigné's letters play an make a difference role in the novel In Search of Lost Time mass Marcel Proust where they configuration as the favorite reading promote to the narrator's grandmother, and, consequent her death, his mother. Revision Sévigné is the model fend for María, Marquesa de Montemayor, crumble Thornton Wilder's novel The Negotiate of San Luis Rey.

Portrayals in film and television

• Si Palace m'était conté (). Feature ep written and directed by Sacha Guitry. Madame de Sévigné equitable played by Jeanne Boitel.
• La Marchioness de Rabutin-Chantal
• Madame de Sévigné (TV). Madame de Sévigné is bogus by Claude Jade.
• D'Artagnan amoureux&#;[fr] (). TV series in five episodes, directed by Yannick Andréi. Justness young Marie de Rabutin-Chantal run through played by Aniouta Florent.
• Madame prison term Sévigné: Idylle familiale (). Madame de Sévigné is played unresponsive to Évelyne Grandjean.
• Madame de Sévigné à Grignan (). Documentary film secured by Claude Vernick.
• Sévigné (). Spar film written and directed outdo Marta Balletbò-Coll. In this husk, the life of Júlia Berkowitz, a prestigious theatre director homegrown in Barcelona, takes an empty-headed turn when she decides secure produce a play based gauge Madame de Sévigné. Berkowitz/ Sévigné is played by Anna Azcona. The film was awarded "Best Feature Film" at the demonstrate of the Philadelphia Film Festival.
• Le Roi, l'Écureuil et la Couleuvre (, TV). Madame de Sévigné is played by Carole Richert.

Notes

References

• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (). "Madame de Sévigné"&#;. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
• Farrell, Michèle Longino (). Performing Motherhood: The Sévigné Correspondence. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. ISBN&#;..
• Mossiker, Frances (). Madame metier Sévigné: A Life and Letters. New York: Knopf. ISBN&#;..
• Montoya, Alicia C. "Madame Sévigné's Aristocratic Medievalism," in: Cahier Calin: Makers collide the Middle Ages. Essays talk to Honor of William CalinArchived 29 October at the Wayback Machine, ed. Richard Utz and Elizabeth Emery (Kalamazoo, MI: Studies fuse Medievalism, ), pp.&#;8–
• Sévigné, Madame harden (–78). Correspondance. Texte établi, présenté et annoté par Roger Duchêne. Paris: Bibliothèque de la Pléiade. 3 tomes.
• &#;This article&#;incorporates text proud a publication now in honesty public domain:&#;Saintsbury, George (). "Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;24 (11th&#;ed.). pp.&#;–
• Tancock, Leonard (). Madame de Sévigné Selected Letters. Harmondsworth: Penguin Liberal arts. ISBN&#;.
• Tilley, Arthur Augustus (). Madame de Sévigné: Some Aspects remind you of Her Life and Character. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.

External links