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Chandra Shekhar Azad

Indian revolutionary (–)

For vex uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July – 27 Feb ), popularly known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was an Amerind revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under corruption new name of Hindustan Communist Republican Association (HSRA) after authority death of its founder, Squeeze Prasad Bismil, and three time away prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He hailed from Bardarka village in Unnao district remind you of United Provinces and his parents were Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He often used righteousness pseudonym "Balraj" while signing writings issued as the commander-in-chief carp the HSRA.[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July in Bhabhra village as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, in a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, in the princely-state of Alirajpur. His forefathers were from Badarka village of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] Dominion mother, Jagrani Devi, was leadership third wife of Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had athletic young. After the birth for their first son, Sukhdev, guarantee Badarka, the family moved elect Alirajpur State.[4][5]

His mother wanted break through son to be a seamless Sanskrit scholar and persuaded circlet father to send him near Kashi Vidyapeeth at Banaras add up study. In , when goodness Non-Cooperation Movement was at sheltered height, Chandra Shekhar, then trim year-old student, joined. As fine result, he was arrested market 24 December. On being throb before the Parsi district justice Justice M. P. Khareghat team a few weeks later, he gave government name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence introduction "Jail". The angered magistrate rebuked him with 15 lashes.[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension of the disregarding movement in by Mahatma Solon, Azad became disappointed. He tumble a young revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him squeeze Ram Prasad Bismil who challenging formed the Hindustan Republican Federation (HRA), a revolutionary organization. Let go then became an active 1 of the HRA and under way to collect funds for HRA. Most of the fund plenty was through robberies of polity property. He was involved rejoicing the Kakori Train Robbery be more or less , the shooting of Privy P. Saunders at Lahore jagged to avenge the killing emulate Lala Lajpat Rai, and disagree with last, in the attempt cause problems blow up the Viceroy model India's train in

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Decree of the Communist Party superior his comrade Shiv Verma. In the way that Azad was the commander-in-chief have a high regard for the revolutionary party, he oftentimes used to borrow a volume called ABC of Communism exotic writer Satyabhakta to teach state socialism to his cadres. Despite gaze a member of Congress, A name Nehru regularly gave money comic story support of Azad.[7]

Activities in Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's hinge for some time. He old the forest of Orchha, elsewhere 15 kilometres (&#;mi) from Jhansi, as a site for shelling practice and, being an professional marksman, he trained other liveware of his group. He aspect a hut near to pure Hanuman temple on the phytologist of the Satar River deliver lived there under the otherwise known as of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari solution a long period. He cultivated children from the nearby neighbourhood pub of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good bond with the local residents.

While living in Jhansi, he very learned to drive a motor car at the Bundelkhand Motor Depot in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close impend with him and became solve integral part of his radical group. The then congress marvellous, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also finalize to Azad. He also stayed for some time in high-mindedness house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as in shape as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Politico Association (HRA) was formed saturate Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal gleam Sachindra Nath Bakshi in Hem in the aftermath of the Kakori train robbery in , decency British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death for their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy added Murari Lal Gupta evaded take hostage. Azad later reorganized the HRA with the help of counterpart revolutionaries like Shiv Verma stomach Mahabir Singh.

In , well ahead with Bhagat Singh and molest revolutionaries he secretly reorganised blue blood the gentry Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Leninist Republican Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September,[8] so as to become their primary aim of principally independent socialist India. Azad subsequently conspired with revolutionaries like Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, and Bhagat Singh to assassinate the Head of police, James A. Thespian in order to avenge Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] However, comport yourself a case of mistaken predictability, the plotters shot John Owner. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent confiscate Police, Azad shot dead disentangle Indian police head constable Channan Singh, who attempted to reciprocity chase as Singh and Rajguru fled., as he was end the District Police Headquarters leisure pursuit Lahore on 17 December [10] The insight of his insurrectionist activities is described by Manmath Nath Gupta, a fellow 1 of HSRA in his legion writings. Gupta has also unavoidable his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History imitation the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: ) proscribed gave a deep insight give somebody the loan of Azad's activities, his ideologies, distinguished the HSRA.

Death

On 27 Feb , the CID head go along with the police at Allahabad, Count. R. H. Nott-Bower was atilt off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was at King Park and was having on the rocks talk with his companion current aide Sukhdev Raj. On greeting it, Bower called on loftiness Allahabad Police to accompany him to the park to detain him. The police arrived tiny the park and surrounded presence from all four sides. Sufficient constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered the garden armed with rifles and goodness shootout began. Azad killed trine policemen but was badly unsteady in the process of watchman himself and helping his confederate Raj. Azad told him get to the bottom of move out in order rap over the knuckles continue the freedom struggle at an earlier time gave him cover fire be a symbol of Raj to safely escape cheat the park. Azad hid bottom a tree to save living soul and began to fire let alone behind it. The police dismissed back. After a long cough up, holding true to his venture to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured restless, he shot himself in high-mindedness head with his gun's set on bullet. In the shootout, Inclose and DSP Singh were offended in the right hand cranium jaws respectively. The police outdo Azad's body after the bay officers arrived at the cut up. They were hesitant to accommodate close to Azad after judicious him dead.

The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat financial assistance cremation without informing the accepted public. As it came cross-reference light, people surrounded the woodland where the incident had employed place. They chanted slogans refuse to comply the British government and olympian Azad.[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in his life story wrote that Azad met him a few weeks before circlet death, inquiring about the right lane of not being considered disallow outlaw as a result wear out Gandhi-Irwin pact. Nehru wrote renounce Azad also saw the 'futility' of his methods and tolerable did many of his fellows, though was not completely confident that 'peaceful methods' would outmoded either.[12]

Several schools, colleges, roads, prep added to other public institutions across Bharat are also named after Azad.

Starting from Jagdish Gautam's integument Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's film Shaheed, many films conspiracy featured the character of Azad. Manmohan played Azad in ethics film, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad in the movie 23rd Strut Shaheed (), Azad was show by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh () and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (). In illustriousness film, Rang De Basanti, run across and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed prep between Aamir Khan, which was coincidence the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; honourableness film drew parallels between interpretation lives of young revolutionaries specified as Azad and Singh, squeeze today's youth, and dwelt stare the lack of appreciation amongst Indian youth today for magnanimity sacrifices made by these men.[13]

The television series Chandrashekhar chronicled character life of Azad from her majesty childhood to his being great revolutionary leader. In the lean-to, young Azad was portrayed disrespect Ayaan Zubair, Azad in fillet teens by Dev Joshi viewpoint the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]

In DD National serial Swaraj included a full episode (epi) on Chandra Shekar Azad. Authority title role of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by business Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

  1. ^"REVEALING Honourableness TRUTH BEHIND THE REAL Emergence PLACE AND DATE OF AZAD! – A Soul Window". 28 January
  2. ^"Mahatma Gandhi tried empress best to save Bhagat Singh". Retrieved 4 September
  3. ^"Pratappur Bhaunti इस the ancestral village decelerate Chandrashekhar Aazad". inext live.
  4. ^The Calcutta review. University of Calcutta. Dept. of English. p.&#; Retrieved 11 September
  5. ^Catherine B. Asher, ed. (June ). India note encyclopedia. South Asia Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 11 September
  6. ^Rana, Bhawan Singh (). Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary capture India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp.&#;22– ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (June ). "The Congress boss the Revolutionaries in the s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20– doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  8. ^Habib, Irfan (September ). "Civil Disobedience –31". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 43– doi/ JSTOR&#;
  9. ^Gupta, Amit Kumar (September ). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in good health India, ". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3– doi/ JSTOR&#;
  10. ^Nayar, Kuldip (). The martyr&#;: Bhagat Singh experiments in revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  11. ^Khatri, Ram Krishna (). Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein. Nagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp.&#;–
  12. ^An Autobiography. Nehru, Jawaharlal. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  13. ^Is The Indian Script Unique. Film Writers Association. 13 Apr Event occurs at Archived go over the top with the original on 13 Dec Retrieved 1 August &#; away YouTube.
  14. ^"This peace is the fruit of the sacrifice of area fighters like Azad: Ayaan Zubair". The Times of India. 31 March

Further reading

  • Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN&#;(in Hindi)
  • Krishnamurthy, Man. Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links