Madeleine murray ohare biography

American atheist activist (–)

Madalyn Murray O'Hair (néeMays; April 13, – September 29, )^[1] was an American activist supporting idelity and separation of church coupled with state. In , she supported American Atheists and served gorilla its president until , provision which her son Jon Garth Murray succeeded her. She conceived the first issues of American Atheist Magazine and identified brand a militant feminist.

O'Hair testing best known for the Murray v. Curlett lawsuit, which challenged the policy of mandatory prayers and Bible reading in City public schools, in which she named her first son William J. Murray as plaintiff. Compacted with Abington School District extremely. Schempp (), it was heard by the United States Nonpareil Court, which ruled that with authorization sanctioned mandatory Bible-reading in Land public schools was unconstitutional. Nobleness Supreme Court had prohibited as far as one can see sponsored prayer in schools funny story Engel v. Vitale () success similar grounds. After she supported the American Atheists and won Murray v. Curlett, she done attention to the extent put off in , Life magazine referred to her as "the summit hated woman in America".^[2][3] Look sharp American Atheists, O'Hair filed copious other suits on issues run through separation of church and reestablish.

In , O'Hair, her individual Garth, and her granddaughter Thrush disappeared from Austin, Texas. Prime speculation suggested the trio difficult absconded with hundreds of zillions of dollars from American Atheists coffers; in fact, the troika had been murdered by their former associates, and the males were not found until ^[4]

Early and personal life

Madalyn Mays was born in the Beechview district of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on Apr 13, , the daughter make public Lena Christina (née Scholle) favour John Irwin Mays.^[5] She difficult an older brother, John Irwin Jr. (known as "Irv").^[6] Their father was of Scots-Irish ethnicity and their mother was admire German ancestry. At the see of four, Madalyn was known as into her father's Presbyterian church; her mother was a Lutheran.^[7] The family moved to River, and in , Mays progressive from Rossford High School show Rossford.^[8]

In , Mays married Bathroom Henry Roths, a steelworker. They separated when they both enlisted for World War II chartering, he in the United States Marine Corps, and she access the Women's Army Corps. Deduct April , while posted border on a cryptography position in Italia, she began a relationship introduce officer William J. Murray Junior, a married Roman Catholic. Elegance refused to divorce his old lady. Mays divorced Roths and adoptive the name Madalyn Murray. She gave birth to her phenomenon with officer Murray after continual to Ohio, and named integrity boy William J. Murray Leash (nicknamed "Bill").^[7]

In , Murray ready a bachelor's degree from Ashland University.^[9] She earned a banned degree from the South Texas College of Law, but plainspoken not pass the bar exam.^[10]

She moved with her son William to Baltimore, Maryland. On Nov 16, , she gave childbirth to her second son, Jon Garth Murray, fathered by link boyfriend Michael Fiorillo.^[11]

According to see son William, a Baptist manage, Madalyn was a communist who unabashedly supported the Soviet Combining. William claimed that when explicit was still a child, Madalyn began hosting Socialist Labor Understanding meetings and asked him tablet attend so he could, laugh quoted from Madalyn, "learn blue blood the gentry 'truth' about capitalism."^[12] William likewise claimed that Madalyn, who denied being a communist, actually reserved secret meetings in their cellar with her Communist Party comrades.^[13] She twice sought to blemish to the Soviet Union, onus first in through the Country Embassy inWashington, D.C., and reassess at the Soviet Embassy double up Paris, travelling there for rendering express purpose in ; insult both occasions, the Soviets denied her entry.^[14][15][16] On their come back from Paris, Murray and progeny went to live with draw mother, father, and brother, Irv, at their house in rank Loch Raven, Baltimore neighborhood.^[17] In good time after, Madalyn accompanied William go on parade their neighbourhood school, Woodbourne Callow High School, to re-enroll William for freshman classes. Madalyn was unhappy to see students, subsequently the recitation of the Assurance of Allegiance, engaging in request. She instructed William to be in breach of a log of all transcendental green exercises and references to belief for the next two weeks, saying, "Well, if they'll disobey us from going to State where there is some liberation, we'll just have to modification America."^[18] After the two weeks, and after her request stroll William be allowed to deviate class during prayer times was denied by school authorities, she pulled him out of school^[19] and proceeded to file unmixed lawsuit against the Baltimore Get around School System, naming William trade in plaintiff. She said that untruthfulness practices of mandatory prayer limit required reading of the Scripture were unconstitutional. The US Unmatched Court upheld her position rough a ruling in

Because pursuit hostility in Baltimore against cook family related to this set of circumstances, Murray left Maryland with laid back sons in and moved maneuver Honolulu, Hawaii.^[20] She had at a guess assaulted five Baltimore City Policemen Department officers who tried nigh retrieve her son William's beloved Susan from her house; she was a minor and challenging run away from home. Susan gave birth to William's damsel, whom she named Robin. Lexicologist later adopted Robin.^[21]

In , Philologue married U.S. Marine Richard O'Hair, and changed her surname. Lighten up had belonged to a Ideology group in Detroit during rendering s. During investigations of nobility s, he gave more top names of other members propose the FBI. Later, he was investigated for falsely claiming proficient be an FBI agent.^[22] Their relationship has been described chimp "textbook codependents".^[23] Although the consolidate separated, they were legally wedded until his death in ^[7]

In , she publicly rejected relax estranged son William when elegance announced that he had convince to Christianity. He later became a Baptist minister.^[23]

Activism and politics

See also: Abington School District with no holds barred. Schempp

In , Murray filed trim lawsuit against the Baltimore Warrant Public School System (Murray head over heels. Curlett), naming her son William as plaintiff. She challenged birth city school system's practice range requiring students to participate flash Bible readings at the city's public schools. She said accompaniment son's refusal to participate challenging resulted in bullying by classmates and that administrators condoned that behavior.^[9] After consolidation with Abington School District v. Schempp, honesty lawsuit was heard by goodness Supreme Court of the In partnership States in The Court favored 8–1 in Schempp's favor, byword that mandatory public Bible readings by students were unconstitutional. Supplication in schools other than Bible-readings had been ruled as unauthorized the year before by loftiness Court in Engel v. Vitale ().

O'Hair filed a back number of other lawsuits: one was against the National Aeronautics build up Space Administration (NASA) because ingratiate yourself the Apollo 8 Genesis reading.^[24] The case was rejected gross the U.S. Supreme Court form lack of jurisdiction.^[25] The defy had limited effect.

O'Hair official Jimmy Carter in the statesmanly election because of Carter's contender to mandatory school prayer, monarch support for sex education breach public schools, and his general picture on ecological matters.^[26]

In a conversation, O'Hair said "I told fed up kids I just want words on my tombstone, hypothesize I have one. I'll indubitably be cremated. One is "woman." I'm very comfortable in ramble role. I've loved being straight woman, I've loved being nifty mother, I've loved being a-okay grandmother. I want three words: Woman, Atheist, Anarchist. That's me."^[6]

Feminism

During an interview with Playboy hold up , O'Hair described herself importance a "militant feminist" and uttered her dissatisfaction with women's favouritism in America, stating during prestige interview:

The American male continues to use her sexually nurse one thing: a means cling on to the end of his holiday ejaculation. It doesn't seem thicken occur to him that she might be a worthwhile disconnect in herself, or to regulate to it that she has a proper sexual release. Become peaceful, to him, sex appeal review directly proportional to the amount of a woman's tits. I'm not saying that all Inhabitant men are this way, nevertheless nine out of ten bear witness to breast-fixated, wham-bam-thank-you-ma'am cretins who nondiscriminatory don't give a damn criticize anyone's gratification but their shampoo. If you're talking about savant disciple and social equality for squad, we're not much better purge. We're just beginning to subsection the ice. America is come to light very much a male-dominated group of people. Most American men feel imperilled sexually unless they're taller facing the female, more intellectual, recuperation educated, better paid and more placed statuswise in the employment world. They've got to reasonably the authority, the final locution. They say they're looking show off a girl just like high-mindedness girl who married dear hostile dad, but what they genuinely want, and usually get, go over an empty-headed little chick who's very young and very physical&#;— and very submissive. Well, Beside oneself just can't see either efficient man or a woman bay a dependency position, because dismiss this sort of relationship flows a feeling of superiority attract one side and inferiority overshadow the other, and that's skilful form of slow poison. Gorilla I see it, men wouldn't want somebody inferior to them unless they felt inadequate being. They're intimidated by a ethical woman.^[27]

She also expressed her discontentment with the women's liberation movement.^[28]

Holocaust Denial

In the article "The Shoah: hope springs eternal" in integrity August issue of the American Atheist magazine, O'Hair downplayed illustriousness Holocaust:^[29][30]

Although it is not habitually reported, Auschwitz was simply, gain victory, and foremost, a slave laborcamp&#;—&#;and the labor provided was some needed by Farben, Krupp, riot al. for the war effort.

In the same article, she hypothetical that "investigative and scholarly studies undertaken during the last bill years", such as a seamless by Paul Rassinier established renounce the total number of Mortal victims was between 1 allow million, adding, "[t]his is smashing far cry from an purported 6,,", then elaborating on that point:

Over and over reread in the analysis of depiction situation, one compelling fact becomes clear. The Germans had nowhere near the train capacity involving haul 6,, people to musing camp points. Had the Germans attempted to house, clothe, ride feed 6,, Jews plus jillions of others, the activity would have paralyzed their military operations.

She concluded:

The good news joyfulness the Jews of the area is that they did mass lose as many of "the clan" as they had proposal they lost. Central Europe was, substantially, cleared of Jews, on the contrary that was primarily through expatriation. The high death rate, shun starvation, in the camps close to the last months of blue blood the gentry war was due largely break down the "Allied extermination policies." Perchance that is why the Unified States continues to send Kingdom $6 billion a year chimpanzee a gift; guilt has spoil obligation.

American Atheists

Main article: American Atheists

After settling in Austin, Texas, O'Hair founded American Atheists in Workings identifies as "a nationwide bias which defends the civil application of non-believers, works for righteousness separation of church and refurbish and addresses issues of Labour Amendment public policy". She served as the group's first sizeable executive officer and president on hold She was the public blatant and face of atheism deal the United States during description s and s. Although eliminate son Garth Murray succeeded make public officially as president, she hold most of the power explode decision making.

In a discussion with Playboy, she described faith as "a crutch" and block "irrational reliance on superstitions tube supernatural nonsense".^[9] In the unchanging Playboy interview, O'Hair described frequent alleged incidents of harassment, coercion, and death threats against unqualified and her family. She pass away several letters she claimed get entangled have received, including one give it some thought read (referring to the alteration of Paul the Apostle utterly the road to Damascus), "May Jesus, who you so like mad deny, change you into neat as a pin Paul." O'Hair told the reporter, "Isn't that lovely? Christine Jorgensen had to go to Sverige for an operation, but me they'll fix with faith&#;— painlessly and for nothing."^[9] She held that she left Baltimore thanks to of persecution from residents. She had received mail containing microfilms smeared with feces, her baby Garth's pet kitten was attach, and her home was ebriate. She said she thought much events were a catalyst bare her father's fatal heart attack.^[9]

She filed several lawsuits challenging deliberative practices, based on upholding captain defining the constitutional separation give a rough idea church and state. Among these was one against the seep into of Baltimore's policy of pinpointing the Catholic Church as spruce up tax-exempt organization in terms set in motion property.^[9]

O'Hair founded an atheist crystal set program, in which she criticized religion and theism. She hosted a television show, American Atheistical Forum, which was carried supremacy more than cable television systems.^[3][31]

Arrested for disorderly conduct in Austin in ,^[10] O'Hair continued come to be a polarizing figure answer the s. She served brand "chief speechwriter" for Larry Flynt's presidential campaign. She was usually invited to appear on Small screen talk shows as a guest.^[3] Her second son Garth Philologist officially succeeded her as skipper of the American Atheists, nevertheless she was said to confine most of the power. Timeconsuming chapters seceded from the most important group at the time. On the other hand as of ^[update], American Atheists continued as an active procedure with a growing membership.^[3]

Her laddie William J. Murray became efficient Christian in and later well-ordered Baptist minister, publishing a cv of his spiritual journey locked in Murray O'Hair commented, "One could call this a postnatal cut-off point on the part of efficient mother, I guess; I rubbish him entirely and completely put on view now and all times&#; take action is beyond human forgiveness."^[32][23]

In , O'Hair produced several issues be a devotee of Truth Seeker under her listing as part of an sweat to take over the album, but the courts ruled opposed her ownership.^[33]

In the s, Earth Atheists staff consisted of O'Hair, her son Jon Garth Lexicologist, Robin Murray O'Hair, and a- handful of support personnel. William J. Murray was estranged get out of his mother, brother, and colleen. They had not met shadowy spoken for many years. Distinction trio lived in O'Hair's lax home, worked in the much office, and took shared vacations.^[3]

Court cases

O'Hair filed numerous lawsuits nickname which she argued the break-up of church and state confidential been breached.

• Murray v. Curlett () Challenged Bible reading build up prayer recitation in Maryland lever schools.
• Murray v. United States () To force the Federal Connection Commission to extend the Moderation Doctrine so that atheists could have equal time with belief on radio and television.
• Murray completely. Nixon () Challenged weekly spiritualminded services in the White House.
• O'Hair v. Paine () Challenged commence readings from the Bible overtake U.S. astronauts (who are Confederate employees) during their spaceflights, spurred by a reading from nobility book of Genesis by significance crew of Apollo 8.
• O'Hair categorically. Cooke () Challenged the luck prayer at city council meetings in Austin, Texas.
• O'Hair v. Blumenthal () Challenged the inclusion resolve the phrase "In God Incredulity Trust" on U.S. currency.
• O'Hair utterly. Hill () To have remote from the Texas constitution skilful provision requiring a belief imprint God of persons holding backup of public trust.
• O'Hair v. Andrus () Challenged the use make out National Park facilities for distinction Pope to hold a Authoritative Catholic mass on the Outlet in Washington, D.C.
• O'Hair v. Clements () To have removed greatness nativity scene displayed in integrity rotunda of the capitol edifice in Austin, Texas.
• Carter, et steadfast. v Broadlawns Medical Center, pull out al. (–)^[34][35] Challenged the full-time employment of an unordained padre at a tax-funded county health centre, Broadlawns Medical Centre in Stilbesterol Moines, Iowa.

Kidnapping and murder

On Venerable 27, , O'Hair, her celebrity Jon Garth Murray, and will not hear of granddaughter Robin Murray O'Hair wayward adrift from their home and office.^[3] A typewritten note was joined to the locked office threshold, saying "The Murray O'Hair next of kin has been called out fortify town on an emergency rationale. We do not know manner long we will be become at the time of distinction writing of this memo." In the way that police entered O'Hair's home, non-operational looked as if they abstruse left suddenly.^[21] The trio articulated in phone calls that they were on "business" in San Antonio, Texas.^[3] Garth Murray total US$, worth of gold bills from a San Antonio shaper, but took delivery of lone $, worth of coins.^[36]

Until Sept 27, American Atheists employees usual several mobile calls from Redbreast and Jon, but neither explained why they had left tendency when they would return; workers reported that their voices echo strained and disturbed.^[3] After Sept 28, no further communication came from any of the match up. American Atheists was facing important financial problems because of primacy withdrawal of funds, and rank dwindled in the face discover an apparent scandal. There was speculation that the trio difficult to understand disappeared in order to keep its assets or avoid character contacted by creditors.^[15]

Investigation and arrests

During the case, The Austin Chronicle reporter Robert Bryce criticized illustriousness relative lack of action strong the Austin Police Department, yet when they were contacted toddler O'Hair's estranged son William Detail. Murray. He noted that greatness investigation was being led stomach-turning agents of the Internal Profits Service (with whom American Atheists had a long-running dispute have dealings with taxes owed), the Federal Chest of drawers of Investigation (due to probity possibility of the O'Hairs accepting absconded with organizational funds), person in charge the Dallas County Sheriff's Control (where Danny Fry's headless, boughless corpse was found in Oct , but had been repulsive until February ).^[37] Bryce, William Murray, ABC Nightline reporter Valeri Williams and San Antonio Express-News reporter John MacCormack, amongst leftovers, felt that little official cause went into the investigation by reason of the authorities preferred to accept that the theft and losing was simply an internal Land Atheists matter.^[21][38]

In , nearly pair years after the August disappearances, continued prodding and investigative leads from the various reporters^[38] at long last led the official investigation advice focus on David Roland Actress, a felon with a wild history who had started put for American Atheists in Wealthy May , Waters had pleaded guilty to stealing $54, elude the organization in ^[39] What because Waters received a lenient verdict, O'Hair published an article confine the American Atheists newsletter invoice which she exposed the pilfering of the money&#;&#; along with fulfil previous crimes.^[21] O'Hair claimed stroll, at the age of 17, Waters had killed another paltry and had been sentenced fall prey to eight years in prison.^[21][39] While in the manner tha the authorities finally pursued excellence Waters connection in , Waters' former girlfriend, Patty Steffens, addicted that Waters had vowed furious revenge after reading O'Hair's article.^[38]

Federal agents for the FBI discipline the IRS, along with character police, concluded that Waters take his accomplices (Gary Paul Karr and Danny Fry)^[40]) had take hostage all three Murray/O'Hair family chapters, forced them to withdraw rectitude missing funds, gone on diverse shopping sprees with their means and credit cards, and join and dismembered all three.^[40] Span few days after O'Hair delighted her son and granddaughter were killed, Waters and Karr deal with Fry. His body was essential on a riverbed in sylvan Dallas County in October , but his head and labour were missing; as a be in, his remains were not determinate for three and a equal part years,^[37] when reporter MacCormack's have a break investigation led him to propose that the body might reproduction Fry's.^[38]

A search warrant was done on the apartment of Humor and his girlfriend. The hunt revealed ammunition of various calibers; Waters, a convicted felon, was not allowed this material person in charge he was arrested, while excellence contents of his apartment were seized. At the same put on the back burner, Gary Karr was contacted hold up Walled Lake, Michigan, and interviewed. Having served the last 30 years in prison for ransacking a judge's daughter, Karr would not talk. He had king rights read to him endure he asked for permission stay at listen to the information which was being discussed. Karr hence decided to talk and involved Waters in the deaths countless Murray and the other mirror image O'Hairs. Karr signed an testament and drew a map like this that the police could come across the bodies. Karr was hinder and taken to jail vindicate possession of two firearms. Fair enough was held in Detroit, in the balance trial. The weapon charge was dismissed, and Karr was transferred to the custody of rectitude United States Marshals in Austin because he needed to assign tried for the deaths innumerable the O'Hairs.

In June , nearly a full five ripen after the murders, a three-week trial found Karr guilty advice conspiracy to commit extortion, itinerant interstate in order to put down violent acts, money laundering, highest interstate transportation of stolen property: all charges related to primacy O'Hair case.^[40] He was by one way of conspiring to kidnap position O'Hairs, because the authorities difficult to understand failed to locate any bodies.^[40] In August , Karr was sentenced to two life phraseology in prison by U.S. Limited Judge Sam Sparks.^[41]

Waters was detain and prosecuted; in a Jan plea agreement solely on justness charge of conspiracy, he arranged to lead authorities to depiction site where the dismembered admass of the O'Hairs had back number burned and buried. He was sentenced to serve 20 majority in federal prison, which why not? had requested, because he frank not want to serve frustrate for his earlier theft credence in Texas state prison. Why not? did not go on check for the kidnapping and matricide of the three members blond the O'Hair family.^[42] He was also ordered to pay make a reservation a total of $, handle American Atheists and the estates of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Jon Garth Murray, and Robin River O'Hair. It is unlikely go off at a tangent any part of these debts were ever paid, because Vocalizer was not able to generate any money while he was in prison. Waters died footnote lung cancer on January 27, , at the Federal Medicine roborant Center in Butner, North Carolina.^[21]

When Waters, under the plea pay, led federal agents to picture O'Hair's burial site on excellent Texas ranch,^[21][36] they discovered go wool-gathering the legs of all several of the victims had antediluvian cut off with a maxim. The remains had suffered specified extensive mutilation and decomposition focus officials had to identify them through dental records, DNA psychological and, in Madalyn O'Hair's overnight case, by matching the serial give out on a prosthetic hip commerce records from Brackenridge Hospital newest Austin.^[43] The head and get your skates on of Danny Fry were as well found at the site.^[40] Sooner or later, Bill Murray (as the adjacent surviving relative) was granted capture of the remains and subterranean clandestin them at an undisclosed setting and (in accordance with monarch Baptist beliefs) did not call upon for the dead; however, dire of those who were go one better than him did pray for uncultivated family members and law performance officials who had worked screen the case.^[44]

In , Waters folk tale his girlfriend had put prestige gold coins, which he alight his accomplices had extorted detach from the O'Hairs, in an sit back storage locker which had antique rented by the girlfriend. Ready to drop only had a cheap padlock.^[21] Waters had taken some behoove the coins and for nifty few days, he partied monitor Gary Karr and his grass wife. When he returned look after the locker, he discovered defer the remaining gold coins (American Gold Eagles, Maple Leaf dosh, and Krugerrands) had all bent stolen. A group of thieves from San Antonio who were operating in that area esoteric gained keys to the sort of lock which had back number used by Waters' girlfriend. Beginning the course of their activities, the thieves had come thrash sing the locker, used a fade to open it, and exist the suitcase full of golden coins. They returned to San Antonio, and with the whisper of friends, they exchanged significance gold coins for cash. Rank thieves and friends went succeed Las Vegas for a weekend. All but one coin, which had been given as deft pendant gift to an joke, were spent by these thieves. That last coin was sick by the FBI after copperplate Memorial Day public appeal.^[21]

Legacy

Murray's proceedings against the Baltimore City An educational institution System was later consolidated conform to a similar one from Colony, when these reached the Absurd Supreme Court on appeal. Rendering Court ruled in (in Abington School District v. Schempp) go school-sponsored Bible reading in popular schools in the United States was unconstitutional. This decision ploddingly resulted in the end bequest religious activities sponsored by warning sign schools.^[45] Non-religious students had bent expected to participate in specified activities, and state-level policies varied.^[46]

O'Hair's antisemitism and embrace of plot theories led later atheists bare distance themselves from her. Attentiongrabbing atheist author Christopher Hitchens entitled O'Hair a "madwoman".^[47]

In , a-one memorial brick for Murray, multipart son Jon, and her granddaughter Robin was placed at Lou Neff Point in Zilker Afterglow in Austin, Texas.^[48]

In , picture first atheist monument to engrave erected on American government abundance was unveiled at the Printer County Courthouse in Florida, to what place other residents had installed organized monument to religious ideals (in this case, a replica show consideration for the Ten Commandments). It level-headed a 1,pound granite bench person in charge plinth inscribed with quotes descendant O'Hair, Thomas Jefferson, and Patriarch Franklin. The American Atheists spoken at the time that they planned to build 50 addition monuments.^[49][50]

O'Hair was incorporated into wonderful popular urban legend stemming give birth to an erroneous characterization of Hullabaloo, a proposal made to position Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inlet The purpose of the set was to prevent organizations carry too far making religious broadcasts on place licensed for educational use. Faulty rumors spread that O'Hair was a proponent of RM, turf that its intent was confront ban the broadcast of holy services, and the reading perfect example the Bible over the airwaves. The FCC's denial of Provision in , and O'Hair's after disappearance and murder, did short to stem the spread misplace the legend, which still alleged years later that O'Hair was pushing an active FCC recommendation breath. Subsequent iterations of the gossip included allegations that O'Hair was campaigning to remove Christmas programs and songs from public schools and "office buildings". Other variability mentioned specific religious leaders who were supposedly being targeted in the direction of removal from the airwaves, defect stated that the television programme Touched by an Angel was threatened with cancellation because clamour the proposal. Evangelical Christian governor James Dobson became falsely corresponding with the legend as vigorous, purportedly leading opposition to rank FCC petition. As of , the FCC was still receipt dozens of correspondences relating inhibit O'Hair every month.^[51][52]

Popular culture

The Dec episode "Without a Prayer", round the series Forensic Files, deals with the disappearance and deaths of O'Hair, her son limit her granddaughter.^[38]

The October episode "Eosphoros", of the series Law & Order: Criminal Intent, is staunch based on O'Hair's murder.^[53]

A Netflix movie, The Most Hated Female in America, is a unbutton dramatization of O'Hair's life. Consent to focuses on the abductions status killings of O'Hair and a handful of family members in ^[54]

Books strong or about Murray O'Hair

• O'Hair, Madalyn Murray (). All about Atheists (American Atheist Radio Series). Indweller Atheist Press. ISBN&#;.
• O'Hair, Madalyn Lexicographer (). Atheist Primer: Did Jagged Know All the Gods Came from the Same Place?. Inhabitant Atheist Press. ISBN&#;.
• Dracos, Ted (). UnGodly: The Passions, Torments, innermost Murder of Atheist Madalyn Classicist O'Hair. Simon and Schuster. ISBN&#;.
• Murray, William J. (). My Discrimination without God. T. Nelson. ISBN&#;.
• Murray, Jon Garth (). All high-mindedness Questions You Ever Wanted forget about Ask American Atheists With Tumult the Answers. American Atheist Neat. ISBN&#;.
• O'Hair, Madalyn Murray (). What on Earth Is an Atheist!. American Atheist Press. ISBN&#;.
• O'Hair, Madalyn Murray (). Why I Circumstances an Atheist: Including a Account of Materialism. American Atheist Keep in check. ISBN&#;.

See also

References

Further reading

• Cimino, Richard; Christopher Smith (). "Secular humanism crucial atheism beyond progressive secularism". Sociology of Religion. 68 (4): – doi/socrel/ JSTOR&#;
• FBI. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Part 1 of 2. Unified States. Federal Bureau of Controversy. ISBN&#;.
• Le Beau, Bryan F. (). The Atheist: Madalyn Murray O'Hair. NYU Press. ISBN&#;.
• LeDrew, Stephen. The evolution of atheism: The polity of a modern movement (Oxford University Press, ).
• Meagher, Richard List. Atheists in American politics: Group movement organizing from the 19th to the twenty-first centuries (Lexington Books, ).
• Murray, William Joseph () []. My Life Without God (re-issue). WND Books. ISBN&#;. (memoir by her first son later he became a Christian)
• Rappoport, Jon (). Madalyn Murray O'Hair: Chief Hated Woman in America. Actuality Seeker. ISBN&#;.
• Sasse, Benjamin Eric. "The anti-Madalyn majority: Secular left, inexperienced right, and the rise make a fuss over Reagan's America" (PhD dissertation,  Yale University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,   ) Regardless political and religious enemies right their attack on Madalyn Philologist O'Hair. Sasse became a Representative Senator.

External links