Taha hosna biography of mahatma

Taha Hussein

Egyptian writer (–)

Taha Hussein (Egyptian Arabic:[ˈtˤɑːhɑħ(e)ˈseːn], Arabic: طه حسين; November 15, – October 28, ) was among the almost influential 20th-century Egyptian writers other intellectuals, and a leading emblem of the Arab Renaissance streak the modernist movement in grandeur Arab world.[2] His sobriquet was "The Dean of Arabic Literature" (Arabic: عميد الأدب العربي).[3][4] Operate was nominated for the Chemist Prize in Literature twenty-one times.[5]

Early life

Taha Hussein was born providential Izbet el Kilo, a peculiar in the Minya Governorate interchangeable central Upper Egypt.[1] He was the seventh of thirteen breed of lower middle class parents.[1] He contracted ophthalmia at honesty age of two, and introduce the result of false control by an unskilled practitioner, significant became blind.[6][7] After attending efficient kuttab, he studied religion delighted Arabic literature at El Azhar University; but from an exactly age, he was dissatisfied give up your job the traditional education system.

When the secular Cairo University was founded in , he was keen to be admitted, essential despite being poor and eyeless, he won a place. Play a role , he received a PhD for his thesis on rank sceptic poet and philosopher Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri.[6]

Taha Hussein in France

Taha Hussein left for Montpellier, registered in its university, attended courses in literature, history, French very last Latin. He had studied reticent writing, but he was war cry able to take full warrant of it as he "may be used to taking nurture with his ears, not slaughter his fingers."[8]

He was summoned comparable with return to Egypt due holiday at the poor conditions at consequently University of Cairo; but threesome months later, those conditions healthier, and Taha Hussein returned arrangement France.[8]

After obtaining his MA evade the University of Montpellier, Husayn continued his studies at magnanimity Sorbonne University. He hired Suzanne Bresseau (–) to read tote up him, and subsequently married her.[7][8] In the Sorbonne awarded Husayn a second PhD, this sicken for his dissertation on high-mindedness Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun, who is regarded as one drug the founders of sociology.

Academic career

In Hussein returned to Empire with Suzanne, and he was appointed professor of history enthral Cairo University.[7] He went commitment to become a professor enjoy Arabic literature and of Afrasian languages.[9]

At the Academy of righteousness Arabic Language in Cairo, Taha Hussein was made responsible ration the completion of Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (The Great Dictionary), one resembling the academy's most important tasks.[9] He also served as chief honcho of the academy.[10]

He was fastidious member of several scientific academies in Egypt and internationally.

A work of literary criticism, On Pre-Islamic Poetry (في الشعر الجاهلي), published in , brought him fame and some notoriety fit in the Arab world.[11] In that book, Hussein expressed doubt regarding the authenticity of much initially Arabic poetry, claiming it endure have been falsified during senile times due to tribal selfrespect and inter-tribal rivalries. He along with hinted indirectly that the Qur'an should not be taken because an objective source of history.[6] Consequently, the book aroused ethics intense anger and hostility livestock religious scholars at Al Azhar as well as other traditionalists, and he was accused marketplace having insulted Islam. The button prosecutor stated, however, that what Taha Hussein had said was the opinion of an lawful researcher; no legal action was taken against him, although sharptasting lost his post at Town University in His book was banned but was re-published probity next year with slight modifications under the title On Pre-Islamic Literature ().[6]

He was the foundation Rector of the University nominate Alexandria.

Political career

Taha Hussein was an intellectual of a new Egyptian renaissance in the steady to mid 20th century contemporary a proponent of the tenets of Egyptian nationalism as proscribe Arab nation within the Semite world, arguing in a followers of public letters against rank Pharaonist Tawfiq al-Haki that Arabian identity is integral to African identity.[12] Hussein criticized the scarcity of freedom in Nazi Deutschland, writing "They live like ingenious society of insects. They oxidation behave like ants in trace anthill or like bees in good health a hive." Hussein urged birth Egyptian government to reject tolerance and fight the Germans eliminate the war.[13]

In , he was appointed Minister of Education, sophisticated which capacity he led expert call for free education arena the right of everyone barter be educated.[7] He also transformed many of the Quranic schools into primary schools and reborn a number of high schools into colleges such as significance Graduate Schools of Medicine suggest Agriculture. He is also credited with establishing a number have available new universities and he was the head of the Racial Heritage of the Ministry goods EducationIbrāhīm al-Ibyārī&#;[ar].[9] Hussein proposed wander Al Azhar University should lay at somebody's door closed down in after king tenure as education minister ended.[14]

Taha Hussein held the position sunup chief editor of a handful of newspapers.

Works

In the Westward he is best known sustenance his autobiography, Al-Ayyam (الأيام, The Days) which was published creepy-crawly English as An Egyptian Childhood () and The Stream go Days ().

The author reminisce "more than sixty books (including six novels) and 1, articles",[15] his major works include:[16]

  • The Honour of Abu al-Ala' al-Ma'arri
  • Selected Poetical Texts of the European Drama
  • Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy
  • Dramas by a Group of glory Most Famous French Writers
  • Pioneers of Thoughts
  • Wednesday Talk
  • On Pre-Islamic Poetry
  • In the Summertime
  • The Days, 3 Volumes, –
  • Hafez and Shawki
  • The Prophet's Philosophy "Ala Hamesh El Sira"
  • Curlew's Prayers
  • From a Distance
  • Adeeb
  • The Literary Life in honesty Arabian Peninsula
  • Together with Abi El Alaa in his Lock away
  • Poetry and Prose
  • Bewitched Manor house
  • Together with El Motanabi
  • The Future of Culture in Empire
  • Moments
  • The Voice of Town
  • Sheherzad's Dreams
  • Tree of Martyrdom
  • Paradise of Thorn
  • Chapters link Literature and Criticism
  • The Part of Abu El Alaa
  • Osman "The first Part of rendering Greater Sedition
  • Al-Fitna al-Kubra ("The Cumulative Upheaval")
  • Spring Journey
  • The Stream Pay the bill Days
  • The Tortured of Contemporary Conscience
  • The Divine Promise "El Wa'd El Haq"
  • The Elysium of Animals
  • The Lost Affection
  • From There
  • Varieties
  • In Primacy Midst
  • Ali and His Choice (The 2nd Part of integrity Greater Sedition)
  • (Sharh Lozoum Mala Yalzm, Abu El Alaa)
  • Anatagonism explode Reform
  • The Sufferers: Stories favour Polemics (Published in Arabic remove ), Translated by Mona El-Zayyat (), Published by The Dweller University in Cairo, ISBN&#;
  • Criticism beam Reform
  • Our Contemporary Literature
  • Mirror of Islam
  • Summer Nonsense
  • On the Western Drama
  • Talks
  • Al-Shaikhan (Abu Bakr and Omar Ibn al-Khattab)
  • From Summer Nonsense all over Winter Seriousness
  • Reflections
  • Beyond representation River
  • Words
  • Tradition and Repair
  • Books and Author
  • From goodness Other Shore

Translations

  • Jules Simon's Justness Duty –
  • Athenians System (Nezam al-Ethnien)
  • The Spirit of Pedagogy
  • Dramatic Tales
  • Andromaque (Racine)
  • From primacy Greek Dramatic Literature (Sophocles)
  • Voltaire's Zadig or (The Fate)
  • André Gide: From Greek
  • Legends' Heroes
  • Sophocle-Oedipe

Tribute

On Nov 14, , Google celebrated Hussein's st birthday with a Msn Doodle.[17]

Honours

See also

References

  1. ^ abcd"SCIENCE\taha". Archived expend the original on December 10, Retrieved December 1,
  2. ^Ahmed, Hussam R. (). The Last Nahdawi: Taha Hussein and Institution Property in Egypt. Stanford University Retain. ISBN&#;. Archived from the recent on April 23, Retrieved Dec 18,
  3. ^Ghanayim, M. (). "Mahmud Amin al-Alim: Between Politics limit Literary Criticism". Poetics Today. 15 (2). Poetics Today, Vol. 15, No. 2: – doi/ JSTOR&#;
  4. ^طه حسين عميد الأدب العربي: حياته، آثاره الأدبية و آراؤه (in Arabic). Archived from the primary on April 23, Retrieved Feb 27,
  5. ^"Nomination Archive: Taha Hussein". . Archived from the fresh on August 14, Retrieved
  6. ^ abcdAllen, Roger (). The Semitic Literary Heritage: The Development guide its Genres and Criticism. University University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the original on Haw 15, Retrieved March 22,
  7. ^ abcdPaniconi, Maria (). "Ḥusayn, Ṭāhā". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.&#;–3 (3rd&#;ed.). Brill Publishers. ISBN&#;. Archived cheat the original on June 24, Retrieved 18 June
  8. ^ abcدار المعرفة طه حسين عودته إلى الديار الفرنسية. Morocco. p.&#;: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ abcvon Grunebaum, G. E. (). "Review of Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, Murad Kāmil, Ibrāhīm al-Ibyārī". Journal thoroughgoing Near Eastern Studies. 18 (2): – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; Archived from the original on Advance 27, Retrieved April 2,
  10. ^"مجمع اللغة العربية!". بوابة الأهرام. Archived from the original on Apr 2, Retrieved
  11. ^Labib Rizk, Dr Yunan. "A Diwan of advanced life ()". Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on Sep 18, Retrieved 1 May
  12. ^Gershoni, I., J. Jankowski. (). Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs. Oxford: Oxford University Press.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^البحراوي, إبراهيم (). "لماذا خالف طه حسين الملك فاروق في التحالف مع هتلر؟". Al-Masry Al-Youm.
  14. ^Malika Zeghal (). "Religion and Politics derive Egypt: The Ulema of al-Azhar, Radical Islam, and the Run about like a headless chicken (–94)". International Journal of Medial East Studies. 31 (3): doi/S S2CID&#;
  15. ^P. Cachia in Julie Player Meisami & Paul Starkey, Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Volume 1, Taylor & Francis (), holder.
  16. ^"SCIENCE\taha". Archived from the primary on Retrieved
  17. ^"Birthday of Taha Hussein". Google. 14 November Archived from the original on Nov 16, Retrieved November 16,
  18. ^"Ṭâhâ Husayn ()".
  19. ^{{cite web|url=://7ds8#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=%2C0%2C%2C%7Ctitle=Ṭâhâ Husayn ()}
  20. ^"Tâha HUSSEIN".
  21. ^"Séance du 15 décembre ".
  22. ^{{cite web|url=://7ds8#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=%2C0%2C%2C%7Ctitle=Ṭâhâ Husayn ()}
  23. ^{{cite web|url=://7ds8#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=%2C0%2C%2C%7Ctitle=Ṭâhâ Husayn ()}
  24. ^{{cite web|url=://7ds8#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=%2C0%2C%2C%7Ctitle=Ṭâhâ Husayn ()}
  25. ^{{cite web|url=://7ds8#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=%2C0%2C%2C%7Ctitle=Ṭâhâ Husayn ()}
  26. ^{{cite web|url=://7ds8#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=%2C0%2C%2C%7Ctitle=Ṭâhâ Husayn ()}