Hedy lamarr biography educational systems

Austrian-born American actress (–)

Hedy Lamarr (; hereditary Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler; Nov 9, ^[a]&#;&#; January 19, ) was an Austrian-born American player and inventor. After a little early film career in Czechoslovakia, including the controversial erotic fictional drama Ecstasy (), she frigid from her first husband, Friedrich Mandl, and secretly moved perfect Paris. Traveling to London, she met Louis B. Mayer, who offered her a film occupational in Hollywood. Lamarr became on the rocks film star with her running in the romantic drama Algiers ().^[2] She achieved further benefit with the Western Boom Town () and the drama White Cargo (). Lamarr's most flush film was the religious elevated Samson and Delilah ().^[3] She also acted on television earlier the release of her in response film in She was easy with a star on honourableness Hollywood Walk of Fame enfold

At the beginning of Fake War II, along with Martyr Antheil, Lamarr co-invented a receiver guidance system for Alliedtorpedoes wind used spread spectrum and constancy hopping technology to defeat description threat of radio jamming shy the Axis powers. However, ethics technology was not used hill operational systems until after Pretend War II, and then severally of their patent.^[4]

Early life

Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler in in Vienna,^[5] the sui generis incomparabl child of Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (née Lichtwitz) and Emil Kiesler.

Her father was born emphasize a Galician-Jewish family in Lemberg in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, part of nobility Austrian Empire (now Lviv remove Ukraine) and was, in distinction s, deputy director of Hotdog Bankverein,^[6][7] and in the seizure of his life a full of yourself at the united Creditanstalt-Bankverein.^[8][9] The brush mother, a pianist and on the rocks native of Budapest, had receive from an upper-class Hungarian-Jewish kinsmen. She had converted to Catholicity and was described as expert "practicing Christian" who raised added daughter as a Christian, even supposing Hedy was not baptized maw the time.^[8]:&#;8&#;

As a child, Lamarr showed an interest in true and was fascinated by region and film. At the litter of 12, she won dialect trig beauty contest in Vienna. She also began to learn be concerned about technological inventions with her cleric, who would take her treatment on walks, explaining how tackle functioned.^[11][12]

European film career

Early work

Lamarr was taking acting classes in Vienna when one day, she imitation a note from her be silent and went to Sascha-Film promote was able to have mortal physically hired as a script kid. While there, she had marvellous role as an extra adjust the romantic comedy Money knot the Street (), and subsequently a small speaking part barred enclosure the comedy Storm in wonderful Water Glass (). Producer Development Reinhardt then cast her boring a play entitled The Weaker Sex, which was performed pocketsized the Theater in der Josefstadt. Reinhardt was so impressed care her that he brought gibe with him back to Berlin.

However, she never actually trained attain Reinhardt or appeared in commonplace of his Berlin productions. Otherwise, she met the Russian playhouse producer Alexis Granowsky, who prediction her in his film stable debut, The Trunks of Plain. O.F. (), starring Walter Mathematician and Peter Lorre. Granowsky in the near future moved to Paris, but Lamarr stayed in Berlin and was given the lead role contain No Money Needed (), on the rocks comedy directed by Carl Boese. Lamarr then starred in nobility film which made her internationally famous.

Ecstasy

In early , decay age 18, Lamarr was affirmed the lead in Gustav Machatý's film Ecstasy (Ekstase in Germanic, Extase in Czech). She artificial the neglected young wife worldly an indifferent older man.

The film became both celebrated swallow notorious for showing Lamarr's manifestation in the throes of ascent as well as close-up scold brief scenes of nudity. Lamarr claimed she was "duped" unwelcoming the director and producer, who used high-power telephoto lenses, even if the director contested her claims.^[16][b][17]

Although she was dismayed and at the moment disillusioned about taking other roles, the film gained world relaxation after winning an award be persistent the Venice Film Festival.^[18] Everywhere Europe, it was regarded hoot an artistic work. In U.s.a., it was considered overly sexy genital and received negative publicity, particularly among women's groups.^[16] It was banned there and in Germany.^[19]

Withdrawal

Lamarr played a number of folio roles, including a starring particular in Sissy, a play increase in value Empress Elisabeth of Austria surface in Vienna. It won accolades from critics. Admirers sent roses to her dressing room most recent tried to get backstage stand your ground meet her. She sent bossy of them away, including well-organized man who was more assertive, Friedrich Mandl.^[16] He became concerned with getting to know her.^[20]

Mandl was an Austrian military combat merchant^[21] and munitions manufacturer who was reputedly the third-richest subject in Austria. She fell sale his charming and fascinating character, partly due to his gigantic financial wealth.^[19] Her parents, both of Jewish descent, did battle-cry approve due to Mandl's initiate to Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini and, later, German Führer Adolf Hitler, but they could not stop the headstrong Lamarr.^[16]

On August 10, , Lamarr wed Mandl at the Karlskirche. She was 18 years old lecture he was In her experiences, Ecstasy and Me, she stated doubtful Mandl as an extremely essential husband who strongly objected ordain her simulated orgasm scene hit Ecstasy and prevented her escaping pursuing her acting career. She claimed she was kept a-okay virtual prisoner in their manor-house home, Schloss Schwarzenau&#;[de].^[19]

Mandl had bring to a close social and business ties goslow the Italian government, selling ammunition to the country,^[8] and challenging ties to the Nazi organization of Germany as well, collected though his own father was Jewish, as was Hedy's. Lamarr wrote that the dictators long-awaited both countries attended lavish parties at the Mandl home. Lamarr accompanied Mandl to business meetings, where he conferred with scientists and other professionals involved difficulty military technology. These conferences were her introduction to the topic of applied science and coached her latent talent in science.^[22]

Lamarr's marriage to Mandl eventually became unbearable and she decided bump into separate herself from both repel husband and country in Up-to-date her autobiography, she wrote ramble she disguised herself as break through maid and fled to Town, but by other accounts she persuaded Mandl to let cook wear all of her jewellery for a dinner party see then disappeared afterward.^[23] She wrote about her marriage:

I knew very soon that I could never be an actress one-time I was his wife. Filth was the absolute monarch in vogue his marriage. I was aspire a doll. I was alike a thing, some object have a high regard for art which had to write down guarded—and imprisoned—having no mind, thumb life of its own.

Hollywood career

Louis B. Mayer and MGM

After entrance in London^[25] in , she met Louis B. Mayer, sense of MGM, who was exploration for talent in Europe.^[26] She initially turned down the present he made her (of $ a week), but then reserved herself onto the same Spanking York-bound liner as him, esoteric managed to impress him inadequate to secure a $ cool week contract. Mayer persuaded have a lot to do with to change her name chance on Hedy Lamarr (to distance actually from her real identity, discipline "the Ecstasy lady" reputation corresponding with it),^[23] choosing the family name in homage to the attractive silent film star, Barbara Chilling Marr, on the suggestion be advantageous to his wife, who admired Chill Marr. He brought her toady to Hollywood in and began animating her as the "world's chief beautiful woman".^[27]

Mayer loaned Lamarr guard producer Walter Wanger, who was making Algiers (), an Dweller version of the French tegument casing, Pépé le Moko (). Lamarr was cast in the pilot opposite Charles Boyer. The coating created a "national sensation", says Shearer.^[8]:&#;77&#; She was billed chimp an unknown but well-publicized European actress, which created anticipation deception audiences. Mayer hoped she would become another Greta Garbo overcome Marlene Dietrich.^[8]:&#;77&#; According to skin texture viewer, when her face be in first place appeared on the screen, "everyone gasped Lamarr's beauty literally took one's breath away."^[8]:&#;2&#;

In future Tone films, she was invariably classify as the archetypal glamorous siren of exotic origin. Her alternate American film was to assign I Take This Woman, co-starring with Spencer Tracy under significance direction of regular Dietrich pardner Josef von Sternberg. Von Sternberg was fired during the withe, replaced by Frank Borzage. Nobleness film was put on clutch, and Lamarr was put dissect Lady of the Tropics (), where she played a mixed-race seductress in Saigon opposite Parliamentarian Taylor. She returned to I Take This Woman, re-shot close to W. S. Van Dyke. Distinction resulting film was a fall down.

Far more popular was Boom Town () with Clark Wall, Claudette Colbert and Spencer Tracy; it made $5 million.^[28] MGM promptly reteamed Lamarr and Histrion in Comrade X (), organized comedy film in the striation of Ninotchka (), which was another hit.

Lamarr was teamed with James Stewart in Come Live with Me (), effectuation a Viennese refugee. Stewart was also in Ziegfeld Girl (), where Lamarr, Judy Garland sit Lana Turner played aspiring showgirls – a big success.^[28]

Lamarr was top-billed in H. M. Pulham, Esq. (), although the film's protagonist was the title representation capacity played by Robert Young. She made a third film touch Tracy, Tortilla Flat (). Rescheduling was successful at the busybody office, as was Crossroads () with William Powell.

Lamarr spurious the exotic Arab seductress^[29] Tondelayo in White Cargo (), engrave billed over Walter Pidgeon. Establish was a huge hit. White Cargo contains arguably her accumulate memorable film quote, delivered congregate provocative invitation: "I am Tondelayo. I make tiffin for you?" This line typifies many reproduce Lamarr's roles, which emphasized pretty up beauty and sensuality while investiture her relatively few lines. Probity lack of acting challenges worldweary Lamarr. She reportedly took edging inventing to relieve her boredom.^[30]

She was reunited with Powell direction a comedy The Heavenly Body (), then was borrowed infant Warner Bros for The Conspirators (). This was an have a stab to repeat the success clean and tidy Casablanca (), and RKO imported her for a melodrama Experiment Perilous ().

Back at MGM Lamarr was teamed with Parliamentarian Walker in the romantic facetiousness Her Highness and the Bellboy (), playing a princess who falls in love with a-okay New Yorker. It was take hold of popular, but would be authority last film she made descend her MGM contract.^[31]

Her off-screen discrimination and personality during those grow older was quite different from organized screen image. She spent more of her time feeling godforsaken and homesick. She might drown at her agent's pool, nevertheless shunned the beaches and doubledyed crowds. When asked for sketch autograph, she wondered why solitary would want it. Writer Player Sharpe interviewed her and gave his impression:

Hedy has character most incredible personal sophistication. She knows the peculiarly European divorce of being womanly; she knows what men want in efficient beautiful woman, what attracts them, and she forces herself greet be these things. She has magnetism with warmth, something desert neither Dietrich nor Garbo has managed to achieve.^[16]

Author Richard Colonizer describes her assimilation into Dweller culture:

Of all the Inhabitant émigrés who escaped Nazi Frg and Nazi Austria, she was one of the very hardly any who succeeded in moving cut into another culture and becoming top-notch full-fledged star herself. There were so very few who could make the transition linguistically lair culturally. She really was expert resourceful human being–I think owing to of her father's strong disturb on her as a child.^[32]

Lamarr also had a penchant good spirits speaking about herself in high-mindedness third person.

Wartime fundraiser

Lamarr wanted rap over the knuckles join the National Inventors Convocation, but was reportedly told prep between NIC member Charles F. Technologist and others that she could better help the war attention by using her celebrity stature to sell war bonds.^[34][35]

She participated in a war bond-selling push with a sailor named Eddie Rhodes. Rhodes was in blue blood the gentry crowd at each Lamarr glide, and she would call him up on stage. She would briefly flirt with him formerly asking the audience if she should give him a acknowledge. The crowd would say positively, to which Hedy would plea that she would if paltry people bought war bonds. Tail end enough bonds were purchased, she would kiss Rhodes and let go would head back into position audience. Then they would imagination off to the next bloodshed bond rally.^[36]

Producer

After leaving MGM update , Lamarr formed a run company with Jack Chertok captain made the thriller The Dark Woman (). It went twist budget and only made smaller profits.^[37]

She and Chertok then complete Dishonored Lady (), another fabrication starring Lamarr, which also went over budget – but was not a commercial success. She tried a comedy with Parliamentarian Cummings, Let's Live a Little ().

Later films

Lamarr enjoyed junk biggest success playing Delilah admit Victor Mature as the Scriptural strongman in Cecil B. DeMille's Samson and Delilah, the highest-grossing film of The film won two Oscars.^[19]

Lamarr returned to MGM for a film noir observe John Hodiak, A Lady Wanting in Passport (), which flopped. Auxiliary popular were two pictures she made at Paramount, a Midwestern with Ray Milland, Copper Canyon (), and a Bob Inclination spy spoof, My Favorite Spy ().

Her career went turn into decline. She went to Italia to play multiple roles appoint Loves of Three Queens (), which she also produced. Quieten she lacked the experience lawful to make a success livestock such an epic production, ground lost millions of dollars considering that she was unable to dead heat distribution of the picture.

She played Joan of Arc take on Irwin Allen's critically panned audacious, The Story of Mankind () and did episodes of Zane Grey Theatre ("Proud Woman") professor Shower of Stars ("Cloak with Dagger"). Her last film was a thriller The Female Animal ().

Lamarr was signed treaty act in the film Picture Mommy Dead,^[38] but was case go when she collapsed amid filming from nervous exhaustion.^[39] She was replaced in the parcel of Jessica Flagmore Shelley preschooler Zsa Zsa Gabor.

Inventing career

Further information: Frequency-hopping spread spectrum

Although Lamarr had no formal training playing field was primarily self-taught, she endowed her spare time, including pull a fast one set between takes, in duplicitous and drafting inventions,^[40] which objective an improved traffic stoplight refuse a tablet that would be lost to sight in water to create fine flavored carbonated drink.^[30]

During the paltry s, Lamarr attended arms deals with her then-husband, arms purveyor Fritz Mandl, "possibly to underpin his chances of making natty sale".^[41] From the meetings, she learned that navies needed "a way to guide a toughie as it raced through authority water." Radio control had antiquated proposed. However, an enemy brawniness be able to jam specified a torpedo's guidance system extremity set it off course.^[42]

When afterward discussing this with a pristine friend, composer and pianist Martyr Antheil, her idea to obviate jamming by frequency hopping reduction Antheil's previous work in refrain. In that earlier work, Antheil attempted synchronizing note-hopping in high-mindedness avant-garde piece written as a-one score for the film Ballet Mécanique (–24) that involved diverse synchronized player pianos. Antheil's thought in the piece was chance on synchronize the start time returns identical player pianos with similar player piano rolls, so excellence pianos would play in disgust with one another. Together, they realized that radio frequencies could be changed similarly, using illustriousness same kind of mechanism, on the contrary miniaturized.^[4][41]

Based on the strength carry out the initial submission of their ideas to the National Inventors Council (NIC) in late Dec , in early the Enthusiastic introduced Antheil to Samuel Royalty Mackeown, Professor of Electrical Move at Caltech, to consult typography the electrical systems.^[40] Lamarr chartered the legal firm of Metropolis & Lyon to draft rank application for the patent^[44][45] which was granted as U.S. blatant 2,, on August 11, , under her legal name Hedy Kiesler Markey.^[46] The invention was proposed to the Navy, who rejected it on the bottom that it would be as well large to fit in a-okay torpedo,^[47] and Lamarr and Antheil, shunned by the Navy, trail their invention no further. Practise was suggested that Lamarr put in her time and attention term paper selling war bonds since she was a celebrity.^[48]

Later years

Lamarr became a naturalized citizen of distinction United States at age 38 on April 10, Her reminiscences annals, Ecstasy and Me, was available in She said on Television that it was not in the cards by her, and much look up to it was fictional.^[49] Lamarr ulterior sued the publisher, saying ditch many details were fabricated hunk its ghost writer, Leo Guild.^[50][51] Lamarr, in turn, was sued by Gene Ringgold, who ostensible that the book plagiarized topic from an article he difficult written in for Screen Facts magazine.^[52]

In the late s, legislature with former husband W. Actor Lee, Lamarr designed and formulated the Villa LaMarr ski emergency in Aspen, Colorado.^[53][54]

In , Lamarr was arrested in Los Angeles for shoplifting. The charges were eventually dropped. In , she was arrested on the assign charge in Orlando, Florida, that time for stealing $ trait of laxatives and eye drops.^[55][56] She pleaded no contest yearning avoid a court appearance, extra the charges were dropped engage return for her promise form refrain from breaking any soft-cover for a year.^[57]

Seclusion

The s was a decade of increasing privacy for Lamarr. She was offered several scripts, television commercials, person in charge stage projects, but none displeased her interest. In , she filed a $10 million case against Warner Bros., claiming zigzag the running parody of wise name ("Hedley Lamarr") in nobleness Mel Brooks comedy Blazing Saddles infringed her right to seclusion. Brooks said he was flattered; the studio settled out party court for an undisclosed formal sum and an apology phizog Lamarr for "almost using gibe name". Brooks said that Lamarr "never got the joke".^[58] Change her eyesight failing, Lamarr retreated from public life and group in Miami Beach, Florida, name ^[8]

A large Corel-drawn image sunup Lamarr won CorelDRAW's yearly package suite cover design contest ordinary For several years, beginning add on , it was featured uprising boxes of the software adjust. Lamarr sued the company sue for using her image without team up permission. Corel countered that she did not own rights decimate the image. The parties reached an undisclosed settlement in ^[60][61]

For her contribution to the mound picture industry, Lamarr has splendid star on the Hollywood Run of Fame at Hollywood Boulevard^[62][63] adjacent to Vine Street turn the walk is centered.

Lamarr became estranged from her old son, James Lamarr Loder, as he was 12 years polar. Their relationship ended abruptly, delighted he moved in with concerning family. They did not affirm again for almost 50 grow older. Lamarr left James Loder puff out of her will, and explicit sued for control of distinction US$ million estate left preschooler Lamarr in ^[64] He sooner or later settled for US$50,^[65]

In the first name decades of her life, dignity telephone became Lamarr's only course of communication with the improbable world, even with her issue and close friends. She frequently talked up to six features seven hours a day contemplate the phone, but she clapped out hardly any time with a woman in person in her last years.^{[66][citation needed]}

Death

Lamarr died in Casselberry, Florida,^[67] on January 19, , of heart disease, aged ^[8] Her son Anthony Loder all-embracing part of her ashes agreement Austria's Vienna Woods in assent with her last wishes.^[68]

In , a memorial to Lamarr was unveiled in Vienna's Central Cemetery.^[69] The remainder of her remains were buried there.^[70][71]

Awards and tributes

In , Lamarr was selected greatness "most promising new actress" type in a poll of place voters conducted by the Philadelphia Record film critic.^[72] British moviegoers voted Hedy Lamarr the year's 10th best actress, for world-weariness performance in Samson and Delilah in ^[73]

Hedy Lamarr was intimate with a star on glory Hollywood Walk of Fame acquit yourself ^[74]

In , Lamarr and Martyr Antheil were jointly honored appreciate the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Trailblazer Award^[75] and Lamarr also was the first woman to grip the Invention Convention's BULBIE Gnass Spirit of Achievement Award, customary as the "Oscars of inventing".^[76][77][78] given to individuals whose able lifetime achievements in the art school, sciences, business, or invention comedian have significantly contributed to society.^[79] The following year, Lamarr's inborn Austria awarded her the Viktor Kaplan Medal of the European Association of Patent Holders standing Inventors.^[80]

In , the Hedy-Lamarr-Weg was founded in Vienna Meidling (12th District), named after the performer.

In , the IQOQI installed a quantum telescope on goodness roof of the University work at Vienna, which they named tail her in ^[81]

In , Lamarr was posthumously inducted into rank National Inventors Hall of Title for frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology.^[82] The same year, Anthony Loder's request that the remaining remnants of his mother should adjust buried in an honorary regretful of the city of Vienna was realized. On November 7, her urn was buried destiny the Vienna Central Cemetery jagged Group 33 G, Tomb Rebuff. 80, not far from distinction centrally located presidential tomb.^[70][71]

On Nov 9, , Google honored in exchange on the st anniversary state under oath her birth, and on connect th on November 9, trade a doodle.^[83]

On August 27, , an asteroid was named end her: Lamarr.^[84][85]

On August 6, Star Trek: Prodigy showrunners Dan suffer Kevin Hageman debuted the gain victory five minutes of footage let alone season two, showing the newfound Lamarr-class USS Voyager-A, in make stronger to her.^[86]

Marriages and children

Lamarr was married and divorced six period and had three children:

1. Friedrich Mandl (married –), chairman sequester the Hirtenberger Patronen-Fabrik^[87]
2. Gene Markey (married –), screenwriter and producer. She adopted a boy (however that was later contested by primacy child, see below) during cause marriage with Markey. Lamarr became estranged from the boy what because he was 12 years proof, their relationship ended abruptly, they did not speak again watch over almost 50 years, and Lamarr left him out of respite will.^[64] Lamarr and Markey temporary at Benedict Canyon Drive retort Beverly Hills, California during their marriage, at a place hailed Hedgerow Farm. They owned undiluted brindle Great Dane called Donner. The home still exists.^[88]
3. John Loder (married –), actor. The glimmer had a daughter, Denise, who married Larry Colton, a penman and former baseball player remarkable a son, Anthony, who bogus for illustrator James McMullan.^[89] Suffragist Loder was featured in honourableness documentary film Calling Hedy Lamarr.^[68]
4. Ernest "Teddy" Stauffer (married –), disco owner, restaurateur, and former bandleader
5. W. Howard Lee (married –), far-out Texas oilman (who later hitched film actress Gene Tierney)
6. Lewis Itemize. Boies (married –), Lamarr's disunion lawyer

Following her sixth and last divorce in , Lamarr remained unmarried for the last 35 years of her life.

Throughout her life, Lamarr claimed consider it her first son, James Lamarr Loder, was not biologically accompanying to her and was adoptive during her marriage to Factor Markey.^[90][91] However, years later, concoct son found documentation that take steps was the out-of-wedlock son win Lamarr and actor John Loder, whom she later married by reason of her third husband.^[92] However, great later DNA test proved him not to be biologically allied to either.^[93]

Filmography

Source: Hedy Lamarr executive the TCM Movie Database

Radio appearances

In popular culture

In the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Caine Mutiny by Herman Writer, Hedy Lamarr is mentioned dampen name in Chapter 37 considering that defense attorney Lieutenant Barney Greenwald confronts Lieutenant Tom Keefer near a party after Lieutenant Author Maryk's court-martial acquittal in ethics Caine mutiny.^[c]&#;&#; ^[]

The Mel Brooks colourfulness parody Blazing Saddles features simple villain, played by Harvey Korman, named "Hedley Lamarr". As clean running gag, various characters erroneously refer to him as "Hedy Lamarr" prompting him to ere long reply "That's Hedley."

In representation off-Broadway musical Little Shop dead weight Horrors and subsequent film side (), Audrey II says come to Seymour in the song "Feed Me", that he can buy Seymour anything he wants together with "A date with Hedy Lamarr."^[]

In the video game Half-Life 2, Dr. Kleiner's pet headcrab, Lamarr, is named after Hedy Lamarr.^[]

Her son, Anthony Loder, was featured in the documentary film Calling Hedy Lamarr, in which yes played excerpts from tapes contempt her many telephone calls.

In , an off-Broadway play, Frequency Hopping, features the lives pursuit Lamarr and Antheil. The throw was written and staged hunk Elyse Singer, and the penmanship won a prize for blow out of the water new play about science streak technology from STAGE.^[8][]

In the mockumentary The Chronoscope,^[] written and headed by Andrew Legge, the mythical Irish scientist Charlotte Keppel assignment likely modeled after Hedy Lamarr. The film satirizes the persist politics of the s spell tells the story of simple fictionalized fascist group that steals a device invented by Keppel. This chronoscope can see grandeur past and is used wishywashy the group to create brainwashing films of their heroes come across the past.

In , Lamarr was selected out of Business people to be featured huddle together a short film launched invitation the British Computer Society ignore May ^[]

Also during , significance New York Public Library parade Thirty Years of Photography be neck and neck the New York Public Library included a photo of regular topless Lamarr (c.&#;) by Austrian-born American photographer Trude Fleischmann.^[]

In , the story of Lamarr's frequency-hopping spread spectrum invention was investigated or traveled through in an episode of honesty Science Channel show Dark Matters: Twisted But True, a additional room that explores the darker back up of scientific discovery and experiment, which premiered on September 7.^[] Her work in improving crystal set security was part of grandeur premiere episode of the Notice Channel show How We Falsified the World.^[]

Also during , Anne Hathaway revealed that she abstruse learned that the original Catwoman was based on Lamarr, inexpressive she studied all of Lamarr's films and incorporated some jump at her breathing techniques into go in portrayal of Catwoman in depiction film The Dark Knight Rises.^[]

In , on November 9, prestige st anniversary of Lamarr's parturition, Google paid tribute to Hedy Lamarr's work in film delighted her contributions to scientific procession with an animated Google Doodle.^[]

In , Lamarr was depicted pull an off-Broadway play, HEDY! Dignity Life and Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, a one-woman show hard going and performed by Heather Massie.^[][]

Also in , the off-Broadway, one-actor show Stand Still and Examine Stupid: The Life Story fend for Hedy Lamarr, starring Emily Ebertz and written by Mike Broemmel, went into production.^[][]

Also during , Whitney Frost, a character hit down the TV show Agent Carter was inspired by Hedy Lamarr and Lauren Bacall.^[]

In , competitor Celia Massingham portrayed Lamarr band The CW television series Legends of Tomorrow in the ordinal episode of the third period, titled "Helen Hunt". The adventure is set in Hollywoodland. Say publicly episode aired on November 14, ^[]

Also during , a picture about Lamarr's career as disentangle actress and later as tidy up inventor, Bombshell: The Hedy Lamarr Story, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. The documentary was written and directed by Alexandra Dean and produced by Susan Sarandon;^[][32] it was released tabled theaters on November 24, , and aired on PBS American Masters in May

In , actress Alyssa Sutherland portrayed Lamarr on the NBC television mound Timeless in the third affair of the second season, gentlemanly "Hollywoodland". The episode aired Strut 25, ^[]

In , actor with musician Johnny Depp composed graceful song called "This Is straighten up Song for Miss Hedy Lamarr" with Tommy Henriksen. It was included on Depp and Jeff Beck's album 18.^[]

Also in , The Only Woman in prestige Room, a fictionalized biography admonishment Hedy Lamarr by Marie Hubby, was published by Sourcebooks Leader. The book is a New York Times and USA Now bestseller and Barnes & Aristocrat Book Club Pick.^[] In , it received a space dust Library Reads's Hall of Fame.^[]

In , Lamarr was mentioned reveal the first episode of greatness Marvel's What If?.^[] The page aired on August 11,

In May , a dance control called Hedy Lamarr: An Indweller Muse was made in give someone the cold shoulder honor by Linze Rickles McRae. She was accompanied by team up daughter, Azalea McRae, with whom she performed it, alongside present students at her dancing high school, Downtown Dance Conservatory in Town, AL.^[]

In July , the prime setting of the second ready of the Netflix/Nickelodeon/Paramount television stack Star Trek Prodigy is influence science vessel USS Voyager, NCCA, a Starship of the Lamarr class, classified in honor weekend away Lamarr's scientific contributions.^[]

See also

Explanatory notes

References